Heart Disease: What It Is, How It Is Diagnosed, and How It Is Treated
Medically reviewed by Dr. Baraa Alnahhal, MD · Last reviewed: October 2026
Heart disease covers a range of conditions that affect the heart, including coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and heart valve disease [1]. Many forms can be prevented or managed with healthy lifestyle choices. Treatment ranges from medicines to procedures and surgery, and early detection through regular checkups makes heart disease much easier to treat [2].
Quick Answer
Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect the heart, including blood vessel disease (coronary artery disease), irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart defects), disease of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), and heart valve disease. Symptoms depend on the type but commonly include chest pain, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeats. Treatment depends on the cause and type of heart damage and may include lifestyle changes, medicines, a heart procedure, or heart surgery. Many forms of heart disease can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices.
What the research says
Heart and blood vessel disease is the world's leading burden of disease, and it is still growing. Global Burden of Disease estimates show that prevalent cases of cardiovascular disease nearly doubled from 271 million in 1990 to 523 million in 2019, and deaths rose from 12.1 million to 18.6 million. Ischemic heart disease and stroke were the main contributors (Roth et al., J Am Coll Cardiol, 2020 [3]).
A healthy lifestyle lowers risk even in people with high genetic risk. In four studies with 55,685 participants, people at high genetic risk who kept at least three of four healthy habits (not smoking, not obese, regular physical activity, healthy diet) had a 46% lower relative risk of coronary events than those with an unfavorable lifestyle (hazard ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.63) (Khera et al., N Engl J Med, 2016 [4]).
Both short and long sleep are linked to more heart events. A meta-analysis of 15 prospective studies with 474,684 participants found that short sleep was associated with a higher risk of developing or dying of coronary heart disease (RR 1.48; 95% CI 1.22 to 1.80), and long sleep also carried a higher risk (RR 1.38). These are associations, not proof of cause (Cappuccio et al., Eur Heart J, 2011 [5]).
What Is Heart Disease?
Heart disease is not a single condition. It describes a range of conditions that affect the heart. These include blood vessel disease, such as coronary artery disease; irregular heartbeats, called arrhythmias; heart conditions that you are born with, called congenital heart defects; disease of the heart muscle; and heart valve disease.
The good news is that many forms of heart disease can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices. Diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management all play a role in how the heart ages over time.
Key point: Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect the heart, not one single illness. The five main types are coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and heart valve disease.
To understand these conditions, it helps to know how a healthy heart works. A typical heart has two upper and two lower chambers. The upper chambers, the right and left atria, receive incoming blood. The lower chambers, the more muscular right and left ventricles, pump blood out of the heart.
The heart valves act as gates at the chamber openings. They keep blood flowing in the right direction. Each valve has flaps, called leaflets or cusps, that open and close once during each heartbeat. If a valve flap does not open or close properly, less blood moves out of the heart to the rest of the body.
The heart's electrical system keeps the heart beating. The heart's electrical signals start in a group of cells at the top of the heart called the sinus node. They pass through a pathway between the upper and lower chambers called the atrioventricular (AV) node. The movement of these signals causes the heart to squeeze and pump blood.
Heart structure | What it does |
Atria (upper chambers) | Receive incoming blood |
Ventricles (lower chambers) | Pump blood out of the heart |
Valves | Gates that keep blood flowing in the right direction |
Sinus node | Starts the heart's electrical signals at the top of the heart |
AV node | Pathway that passes electrical signals between the chambers |
Signs and Symptoms: They Depend on the Type
Heart disease symptoms depend on the type of heart disease. Each type has its own warning signs, which is why paying attention to your body matters.
Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease is a common heart condition that affects the major blood vessels that supply the heart muscle. A buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls usually causes it. This buildup is called plaque, and the process is called atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis reduces blood flow to the heart and other parts of the body. It can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or a stroke.
Symptoms of coronary artery disease can include chest pain, chest tightness, chest pressure, and chest discomfort, called angina; shortness of breath; pain in the neck, jaw, throat, upper belly, or back; and pain, numbness, weakness, or coldness in the legs or arms if the blood vessels in those body areas are narrowed.
You might not be diagnosed with coronary artery disease until you have a heart attack, angina, a stroke, or heart failure. Heart disease can sometimes be found early with regular health checkups, so it is important to watch for heart symptoms and talk with your healthcare team about any concerns.
Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
With an arrhythmia, the heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, or irregularly. Heart arrhythmia symptoms can include chest pain or discomfort, dizziness, fainting or almost fainting, fluttering in the chest, lightheadedness, a racing heartbeat, shortness of breath, and a slow heartbeat.
Congenital heart defects
A congenital heart defect is a heart condition present at birth. Serious congenital heart defects usually are noticed soon after birth. Symptoms in children could include blue or gray skin, swelling in the legs, belly area, or areas around the eyes, and, in an infant, shortness of breath during feedings leading to poor weight gain.
Some congenital heart defects may not be found until later in childhood or during adulthood. Symptoms may include getting very short of breath during exercise or activity, easily tiring during exercise or activity, and swelling of the hands, ankles, or feet.
Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease)
In the beginning, cardiomyopathy may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the condition gets worse, symptoms may include dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting; fatigue; feeling short of breath during activity or at rest; feeling short of breath at night when trying to sleep or waking up short of breath; rapid, pounding, or fluttering heartbeats; and swollen legs, ankles, or feet.
Heart valve disease
The heart has four valves. The valves open and close to move blood through the heart. Many things can damage the heart valves. If a heart valve is narrowed, it is called stenosis. If a heart valve lets blood flow backward, it is called regurgitation.
Symptoms of heart valve disease depend on which valve is not working right. Symptoms may include chest pain, fainting or almost fainting, fatigue, irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath, and swollen feet or ankles.
Type of heart disease | Key symptoms |
Coronary artery disease | Chest pain or angina, shortness of breath, pain in neck/jaw/back/upper belly, numbness or coldness in arms or legs |
Arrhythmia | Racing or slow heartbeat, fluttering in chest, dizziness, fainting, chest discomfort |
Congenital heart defect | Blue or gray skin, swelling in legs or belly, shortness of breath during feedings (infants), easy tiring with activity |
Cardiomyopathy | Fatigue, breathlessness at rest or at night, rapid or fluttering heartbeat, swollen legs and ankles |
Heart valve disease | Chest pain, fainting, fatigue, irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath, swollen feet or ankles |
When to See a Doctor
Get emergency medical help if you have chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting. Always call 911 or your local emergency number if you think you might be having a heart attack.
If you think you may have symptoms of heart disease, make an appointment for a health checkup. Heart disease is easier to treat when found early.
Situation | What to do |
Chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting | Get emergency medical help |
Suspected heart attack | Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately |
Possible heart disease symptoms | Make an appointment for a health checkup |
What Causes Heart Disease?
Heart disease causes depend on the specific type of heart disease.
Coronary artery disease
A buildup of fatty substances in the arteries, called atherosclerosis, is the most common cause of coronary artery disease. If there is too much cholesterol in the blood, the cholesterol and other substances may form deposits called plaque. Plaque can cause an artery to become narrowed or blocked. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. Plaque and blood clots can reduce blood flow through an artery.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, obesity, and smoking. Healthy lifestyle choices can help lower the risk.
Arrhythmias
Common causes of arrhythmias, or conditions that can lead to them, include heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy), coronary artery disease, diabetes, illegal drugs such as cocaine, emotional stress, too much alcohol or caffeine, congenital heart defects, high blood pressure, smoking, heart valve disease, and some medicines, herbs, and supplements.
Congenital heart defects
A congenital heart defect happens while a baby is growing in the womb. Healthcare professionals are not sure exactly what causes most congenital heart defects. But gene changes, some medical conditions, some medicines, and environmental or lifestyle factors may play a role.
Cardiomyopathy
The cause of cardiomyopathy depends on the type. There are three types. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type. Its cause is often unknown. It may be passed down through families, which means it is inherited. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy usually is passed down through families. Restrictive cardiomyopathy can happen for no known reason. Sometimes a buildup of protein called amyloid causes it. Other causes include connective tissue disorders.
Heart valve disease
Many things can cause a damaged or diseased heart valve. Some people are born with heart valve disease, called congenital heart valve disease. Other causes include rheumatic fever, infection in the lining of the heart valves called infectious endocarditis, and connective tissue disorders.
Type | Most common causes |
Coronary artery disease | Atherosclerosis: plaque buildup from cholesterol and other substances |
Arrhythmia | CAD, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, high blood pressure, alcohol or caffeine excess, stress, some medicines and herbs |
Congenital heart defect | Gene changes, some medical conditions, some medicines, environmental or lifestyle factors during pregnancy |
Cardiomyopathy | Often unknown or inherited (dilated, hypertrophic); amyloid protein buildup or connective tissue disorders (restrictive) |
Heart valve disease | Born with it (congenital), rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, connective tissue disorders |
Risk Factors
Risk factors for heart disease include the following. Age: growing older increases the risk of damaged and narrowed arteries and a weakened or thickened heart muscle. Sex assigned at birth: men are generally at greater risk, while the risk in women increases after menopause.
Family history also matters. A family history of heart disease increases the risk of coronary artery disease, especially if a parent developed it at an early age. That means before age 55 for a male relative, such as a brother or your father, and before age 65 for a female relative, such as your mother or a sister.
Smoking is another major factor. Substances in tobacco smoke damage the arteries, and heart attacks are more common in people who smoke than in people who do not. Other risk factors include an unhealthy diet high in fat, salt, sugar, and cholesterol; uncontrolled high blood pressure; high cholesterol; diabetes; obesity; lack of exercise; emotional stress; and poor dental health.
Poor dental health deserves special attention. Having unhealthy teeth and gums makes it easier for germs to get into the bloodstream and travel to the heart. This can cause an infection called endocarditis. Brushing and flossing often, plus regular dental checkups, helps.
Risk factor | How it affects the heart |
Age | Increases risk of damaged, narrowed arteries and a weakened or thickened heart muscle |
Sex assigned at birth | Men are generally at greater risk; women's risk rises after menopause |
Family history | Raises risk, especially if a male relative developed disease before 55 or female relative before 65 |
Smoking | Tobacco substances damage arteries; heart attacks are more common in smokers |
Unhealthy diet | Diets high in fat, salt, sugar, and cholesterol are linked to heart disease |
High blood pressure | Can cause arteries to become hard and thick, altering blood flow |
High cholesterol | Increases atherosclerosis risk, linked to heart attack and stroke |
Diabetes | Increases heart disease risk |
Obesity | Excess weight worsens other risk factors |
Lack of exercise | Associated with many forms of heart disease and its risk factors |
Stress | May damage arteries and worsen other risk factors |
Poor dental health | Germs can enter the bloodstream and travel to the heart, causing endocarditis |
Possible Complications
Possible complications of heart disease include the following. Heart failure is one of the most common complications; the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. A heart attack can happen if a piece of plaque in an artery or a blood clot moves to the heart.
The risk factors that lead to heart disease also can lead to an ischemic stroke. This type of stroke happens when the arteries to the brain are narrowed or blocked and too little blood reaches the brain.
An aneurysm is a bulge in the wall of an artery. If an aneurysm bursts, you may have life-threatening internal bleeding. Peripheral artery disease means the arms or legs, usually the legs, do not get enough blood, causing symptoms such as leg pain when walking, called claudication. Atherosclerosis can lead to peripheral artery disease.
Sudden cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart activity, breathing, and consciousness. It usually is due to a problem with the heart's electrical system. Sudden cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. If not treated immediately, it results in sudden cardiac death.
Complication | What happens |
Heart failure | Heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs |
Heart attack | Plaque or clot moves to the heart |
Ischemic stroke | Arteries to the brain are narrowed or blocked, too little blood reaches the brain |
Aneurysm | Bulge in artery wall; burst can cause life-threatening internal bleeding |
Peripheral artery disease | Arms or legs get too little blood; causes leg pain when walking (claudication) |
Sudden cardiac arrest | Sudden loss of heart activity, breathing, and consciousness; usually an electrical-system problem |
How Heart Disease Is Diagnosed
To diagnose heart disease, a healthcare professional examines you and listens to your heart. You are usually asked questions about your symptoms and your personal and family medical history.
Many different tests are used to diagnose heart disease. Blood tests can check for heart proteins that slowly leak into the blood after heart damage from a heart attack. A high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) test checks for a protein linked to inflammation of the arteries. Other blood tests may check cholesterol and blood sugar levels.
A chest X-ray shows the condition of the lungs and can show if the heart is enlarged. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a quick and painless test that records the electrical signals in the heart. It can tell if the heart is beating too fast or too slow.
A Holter monitor is a portable ECG device worn for a day or more to record heart activity during daily activities. It can detect irregular heartbeats not found during a regular ECG exam. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart in motion. It shows how blood moves through the heart and heart valves and can help determine if a valve is narrowed or leaking.
Exercise tests, also called stress tests, often involve walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bike while the heart is checked. They reveal how the heart responds to physical activity and whether symptoms occur during exercise. If you cannot exercise, you might be given medicine that affects the heart the way exercise does.
Cardiac catheterization can show blockages in the heart arteries. A long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted in a blood vessel, usually in the groin or wrist, and guided to the heart. Dye flows through the catheter to arteries in the heart, helping the arteries show up more clearly on X-ray images.
A heart CT scan (cardiac CT scan) involves lying on a table inside a doughnut-shaped machine. An X-ray tube inside the machine rotates around your body and collects images of your heart and chest. A cardiac MRI uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the heart.
Test | What it shows |
Blood tests | Heart proteins after damage, CRP (artery inflammation), cholesterol, blood sugar |
Chest X-ray | Condition of lungs; whether the heart is enlarged |
ECG/EKG | Electrical signals; whether the heart beats too fast or too slow |
Holter monitoring | Heart activity over a day or more; irregular heartbeats missed by a regular ECG |
Echocardiogram | Sound-wave images of the heart in motion; blood flow and valve function |
Exercise/stress test | How the heart responds to physical activity; whether symptoms occur during exercise |
Cardiac catheterization | Blockages in heart arteries using a catheter and dye with X-ray images |
Cardiac CT scan | Rotating X-ray images of the heart and chest |
Cardiac MRI | Detailed images using a magnetic field and radio waves |
Treatment Options
Heart disease treatment depends on the cause and type of heart damage. Treatment for heart disease may include lifestyle changes such as eating a diet low in salt and saturated fat, getting more exercise, and not smoking; medicines; a heart procedure; or heart surgery.
You may need medicines to control heart disease symptoms and prevent complications. The type of medicine used depends on the type of heart disease.
Some people with heart disease may need a heart procedure or surgery. Depending on the situation, doctors may consider options such as coronary angioplasty and stents, coronary artery bypass surgery, cardiac ablation, cardioversion, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), or a heart transplant. The type of treatment depends on the type of heart disease and how much damage has happened to the heart.
Treatment type | What it involves |
Lifestyle changes | Low-salt, low-saturated-fat diet; more exercise; not smoking |
Medicines | Control symptoms and prevent complications; type depends on the disease |
Heart procedures | May include angioplasty and stents, ablation, cardioversion, pacemakers, ICDs |
Heart surgery | May include coronary artery bypass surgery or a heart transplant, depending on the damage |
Lifestyle, Self-Care, and Prevention
Lifestyle changes are an important part of heart disease treatment and prevention. The same lifestyle changes used to manage heart disease also may help prevent it.
Do not smoke. Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease. If you smoke and cannot quit, talk with your healthcare team about programs or treatments that can help. Eat healthy foods, including plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit sugar, salt, and saturated fats.
Control blood pressure. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases the risk of serious health conditions. Get your blood pressure checked at least every two years if you are 18 or older. If you have risk factors for heart disease or are over age 40, you may need more frequent checks. Ask your healthcare professional what blood pressure reading is best for you.
Get a cholesterol test when you are in your 20s and then at least every 4 to 6 years. You may need to start testing earlier if high cholesterol is in your family history, or more often if your results are not in a desirable range.
Manage diabetes. If you have diabetes, controlling your blood sugar can help reduce the risk of heart disease. Exercise at least 30 minutes a day on most days of the week, and keep a healthy weight. Being overweight increases the risk of heart disease.
Manage stress by getting more exercise, practicing mindfulness, and connecting with others in support groups. Practice good hygiene by washing your hands regularly and brushing and flossing your teeth.
Get good sleep. Poor sleep may increase the risk of heart disease and other long-term health conditions. Adults should try to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily, and children often need more. Go to bed and wake at the same time every day, including on weekends.
Prevention habit | Recommendation |
Don't smoke | Major risk factor; programs and treatments can help you quit |
Eat healthy foods | Fruits, vegetables, whole grains; limit sugar, salt, saturated fats |
Control blood pressure | Check at least every 2 years at age 18+; more often if at risk or over 40 |
Cholesterol testing | Start in your 20s, then every 4–6 years; earlier or more often if at risk |
Manage diabetes | Controlling blood sugar helps reduce heart disease risk |
Exercise | At least 30 minutes a day on most days |
Healthy weight | Ask your healthcare professional what weight is best for you |
Manage stress | Exercise, mindfulness, support groups |
Good sleep | Adults should aim for 7–9 hours daily with a consistent schedule |
Coping and Support
Here are some ways to help manage heart disease and improve quality of life. Cardiac rehabilitation is a personalized program of education and exercise. It includes exercise training, emotional support, and education about a heart-healthy lifestyle. The supervised program is often recommended after a heart attack or heart surgery.
Connecting with friends and family or joining a support group is a good way to reduce stress. You may find that talking about your concerns with others in similar situations can help. Seeing your healthcare professional regularly makes sure you are properly managing your heart disease.
Preparing for Your Appointment
If you think you have heart disease or are at risk because of family history, see your healthcare professional. You may be referred to a doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist.
When you make the appointment, ask if there is anything you need to do in advance, such as restricting your diet. You may be told not to eat or drink for a few hours before a cholesterol test. Write down your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to heart disease. Note your family history of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, or diabetes, and any major stresses or recent life changes.
Make a list of medicines, vitamins, or supplements you are taking, including dosages. Take someone along if possible, and be prepared to talk about your diet and smoking and exercise habits. Write down questions to ask, such as what is the likely cause of your symptoms, what tests you need, what the best treatment is, what foods you should eat or avoid, and how often you should be screened for heart disease.
Your healthcare team is likely to ask when your symptoms began, whether they come and go, how bad they are on a scale of 1 to 10, what improves or worsens them, and whether you have a family history of heart disease, diabetes, or high blood pressure. It is never too early to make healthy lifestyle changes. Eat a healthy diet, get more exercise, and do not smoke. A healthy lifestyle is the best protection against heart disease and its complications.
Conclusion: Heart Health Is Built One Habit at a Time
Heart disease covers a broad family of conditions, but they share a common thread: many are preventable and treatable. The risk factors that damage arteries and strain the heart, such as smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and poor diet, are also the factors you can influence. Regular checkups, symptom awareness, and a heart-healthy routine give you the best chance of catching problems early, when they are easiest to treat.
Your heart health decisions start today. If you notice chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting, seek emergency help right away. If you are concerned about your risk, schedule a heart checkup with a healthcare professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is heart disease?
Heart disease describes a range of conditions that affect the heart, including coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and heart valve disease. Many forms can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices.
What are the most common symptoms of heart disease?
Symptoms depend on the type, but common ones include chest pain or pressure (angina), shortness of breath, irregular, racing, or slow heartbeat, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, and swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet.
What is coronary artery disease?
It is the most common heart condition, where fats, cholesterol, and other substances build up as plaque in the arteries that supply the heart muscle (atherosclerosis). It reduces blood flow and can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, or a stroke.
What causes atherosclerosis?
Too much cholesterol and other substances in the blood can form plaque deposits that narrow or block arteries. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. Risk factors include an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, obesity, and smoking.
What is an arrhythmia?
An arrhythmia is when the heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or irregularly. Symptoms include a racing or slow heartbeat, fluttering in the chest, dizziness, and fainting. Causes include coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, high blood pressure, stress, and alcohol or caffeine excess.
What are the main risk factors for heart disease?
Age, sex assigned at birth (men at greater risk; women's risk rises after menopause), family history of early heart disease, smoking, unhealthy diet, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, stress, and poor dental health.
When should I get emergency help?
Get emergency medical help for chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting. Always call 911 or your local emergency number if you think you might be having a heart attack.
How is heart disease diagnosed?
Through a physical exam, medical history, and tests such as blood tests, ECG/EKG, Holter monitoring, echocardiogram, stress tests, cardiac catheterization, cardiac CT scan, and cardiac MRI.
How is heart disease treated?
Treatment depends on the cause and type of damage. It may include lifestyle changes (low-salt, low-saturated-fat diet, exercise, not smoking), medicines, a heart procedure, or heart surgery.
Can heart disease be prevented?
Many forms can be prevented or delayed with healthy lifestyle choices: not smoking, eating a heart-healthy diet, exercising at least 30 minutes a day most days, keeping a healthy weight, controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, and getting 7 to 9 hours of sleep.
References
Mayo Clinic Staff. Heart disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. August 13, 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118
Mayo Clinic Staff. Heart disease - Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic. August 13, 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353124
Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. PMID 33309175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
Khera AV, Emdin CA, Drake I, et al. Genetic risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(24):2349-2358. PMID 27959714. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1605086
Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D'Elia L, et al. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(12):1484-1492. PMID 21300732. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007
Further reading: American Heart Association — What Is Cardiovascular Disease?; American Heart Association — 8 Things You Can Do to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute — Heart Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention — Heart Disease.
This article is for general informational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional about any medical condition.
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